DERMATITIS
Introduction
Hand Dermatitis: Review of Clinical Features and Treatment Options
Hand dermatitis affects a significant portion of the population and can be caused by a variety of endogenous factors (ie, atopy) as well as occupational and environmental exposures. It is often a chronic problem with high costs to individuals, employers, and society. This review discusses subtypes of hand dermatitis based on their clinical features and pathogenesis. It also offers an approach to treatment.
Semin Cutan Med Surg 32:147-157 © 2013 Frontline Medical Communications
Noninfectious Granulomatous Dermatitides: A Review of 8 Disorders (Part 1 of 3)
In this review we focus on 2 of the noninfectious granulomatous dermatitides, granuloma annulare and interstitial granulomatous dermatitis (the remaining 6 will be discussed in Parts 2 and 3), with an overview of their clinical and histological presentations, differential diagnoses, and treatment options. The disorders we discuss are polymorphic in their clinical and histopathological presentations, follow chronic or undulating disease courses, and are typically recalcitrant to therapeutic interventions. Although the clinical history may be helpful, careful and thorough histopathological examination is required. Established treatment algorithms for these disorders are lacking, and no randomized, placebo-controlled studies have been published. Future investigations should focus on the evaluation of larger cohorts, not only to establish treatment recommendations in randomized, placebocontrolled trials, but also to reach a greater understanding of disease pathogenesis and clinical-pathological presentation.
Semin Cutan Med Surg 32:177-182 © 2013 Frontline Medical Communications
Noninfectious Granulomatous Dermatitides: A Review of 8 Disorders (Part 2 of 3)
In this review we focus on 3 of the non-infectious granulomatous dermatitides, annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma, necrobiosis lipoidica, and necrobiosis xanthogranuloma, with an overview of their clinical and histological presentations, differential diagnoses, and treatment options. The disorders we discuss are polymorphic in their clinical and histopathological presentations, follow chronic or undulating disease courses, and are typically recalcitrant to therapeutic interventions. Although the clinical history may be helpful, careful and thorough histopathological examination is required. Established treatment algorithms for these disorders are lacking, and very few randomized, placebo-controlled studies have been published. Future investigations should focus on the evaluation of larger cohorts, not only to establish treatment recommendations in randomized, placebo-controlled trials, but also to reach a greater understanding of disease pathogenesis and clinical-pathological presentation.
Semin Cutan Med Surg 32:e1-e6 © 2013 Frontline Medical Communications
Noninfectious Granulomatous Dermatitides: A Review of 8 Disorders (Part 3 of 3)
In this review we focus on 3 of the non-infectious granulomatous dermatitides, interstitial granulomatous drug reaction, rheumatoid nodules, and cutaneous sarcoidosis, with an overview of their clinical and histological presentations, differential diagnoses, and treatment options. The disorders we discuss are polymorphic in their clinical and histopathological presentations, follow chronic or undulating disease courses, and are typically recalcitrant to therapeutic interventions. Although the clinical history may be helpful, careful and thorough histopathological examination is required. Established treatment algorithms for these disorders are lacking, and very few randomized, placebo-controlled studies have been published. Future investigations should focus on the evaluation of larger cohorts, not only to establish treatment recommendations in randomized, placebo-controlled trials, but also to reach a greater understanding of disease pathogenesis and clinical-pathological presentation.
Semin Cutan Med Surg 32:e7-e11 © 2013 Frontline Medical Communications
Immunology of Atopic Dermatitis: Novel Insights into Mechanisms and Immunomodulatory Therapies
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, pruritic, inflammatory skin condition that is associated with immune dysregulation and epidermal barrier dysfunction. The imbalance of the Th2 and Th1 pathways and their associated cytokines in AD presents as one facet of the pathogenic mechanisms. Changes in the T-cell populations and the associated cytokines during the acute and chronic phases of AD can cause variations in disease presentations and treatment responses. Continued discoveries in the immunopathogenesis of AD provide optimism for the development of efficacious therapeutic agents. Novel immunomodulatory
therapies include apremilast, dupilumab, IL-37, omalizumab, rituximab, mepolizumab, infliximab, allergen-specific immunotherapy, Mycobacterium vaccae, and leflunomide. These agents serve as examples of how modulation in immunopathogenesis of AD can lead to therapeutic discoveries.
Semin Cutan Med Surg 32:132-139 © 2013 Frontline Medical Communications